Orchid Cultivation Method
Nurseries Orchid Flowers1 ) Requirements SeedsOrchid seeds are good , healthy and has some superior characteristics , namely : the formStrong stems , rapid growth , lush foliage , dense and beautiful flowers .2 ) Spreading SeedsOrchid seedlings from seeds planted . The orchid seed dispersalas follows :a) Equipment used for seed dispersal should be clean .b ) Sterilize seedsBefore the seed is spread should be sterilized first with 10 grams of chlorine dissolvedin 100 cc of water then filter paper filter , put in a bottle .seedincluded in the bottle and shaken 10 minutes . ( originally yellow orchid seedschange color to greenish brown ) . Then water discarded andreplaced with distilled water , shaken repeatedly ( 2-3 times ) .c ) Distribution of orchid seedsThe bottles that have been sterilized can be used for seed menyebaranorchids . Before opening the bottle, the bottle neck is heated above the lights spritusto eliminate germs . To include orchid seeds into the bottleused pipettes were cleaned first by heating above the lightsspritus until then dipped into the red spritus . Bottles that have beenopen orchid seed is then filled and leveled whole surface padfood that has been provided . Before we heat the bottle closed again inthe spritus then closed again .3 ) Seed Seeding Techniquea) Memeriksaan with a microscope , whether or not the orchid seeds , emptywhite and yellow are the contents of brown / other color .b ) Prepare a wide mouthed bottle clean and colorless socan forward the necessary sunlight and easily seen .c ) Close the bottle - roll of cotton rolled up hard , tied a rope to the endfacilitate stripped back , or the rest of the cut fabric pieces .densitybottle caps keep bacterial / fungal infection does not go soor contaminated .d ) Prepare a glass cabinet ( ent - cash ) are clean of bacteria / fungi withcloth that has been dipped in a cabinet air formalin sterilized cottondipiring poured formalin in order to evaporate sterilize glass ( ent - cash ) .e ) Making sterilsasi pedestal base to create a food and food orchidscommonly used prescription Khudson C ( Northen ) 12 , namely :1 . Ca ( NO3 ) 2H2O : 1.00 grams2 . KH2PO4 : 0.25 grams3 . MgSO47H2O : 0.25 grams4 . ( NH4 ) 2SO4 : 0.25 grams5 . Saccharose : 20 grams6 . FeSO4 4H2O : 0.25 grams7 .MnSO4 : 0.0075 grams8 . Agar-agar : 15 to 17.5 grams9 . Distilled water : 1000 ccMaking the necessary food base pH 5.2 , pH meter used / pH papertextiles / Indicator Paper .Sterilization by heating in the Autoclaf to 110 degrees Cfor half an hour or by steamer and then placed on the spotnet , on his side , so foods high 1/2-2/3 tall bottles( from the base up to the neck of the bottle ) and allowed to stand for 5-7 hours toknow the perfect sterilization .4) Change SeedsHaving plants in the 9-12 month old bottle looks great , growing roots .In this level can be transferred into the seed already seeding potsdiameter of 7 cm , 12 cm or 16 cm with holes .Prepare broken tiles , and brown fern roots , cut to the length5-30 mm so that the fibers apart from each other . before usewashed first and let the water disappear . Fern roots after washing ,pad soaked first in food for 24 hours in the form of :a) Urea or ZA : 0.50 mgb ) DS , TS or ES : 0.25 mgc ) Potassium sulfate or K2SO4 : 0.25 mgd ) Water : 1000 ccAnother alaternatif as a food base , can also be used a mix of artificial fertilizerselements N , P , K ratio of 60:30:10 or manure can also be usedwhich has been mixed with a fern frond ratio : 4:1 = manure .Moreover, it can be used pine bark in small pieces of bean seedsland , which has been soaked in foods such as fern roots base for 24hours . For stuffing pots can also be used firewood charcoal / coconut fibera dismembered thumb .Prepared pots filled with broken tiles third high pot / layah , then the contentsThe crushed ferns as high as 1 cm below the edge of the pot / layah ( no needcompacted ) .Transplanting into pots done by issuing plant in a bottleby incorporating water into the bottle . With net wire leadslike the letter U , the plant released one by one ( first root ) . afterexit 1 % chlorine plant then washed with clean water . Seedlings( seedlings ) were planted in pots with the meeting . If the bottle is already happening in thefungal contamination as first soaked in antibiotics ( penicillin ,streptomycin has passed expirydatenya ) newly planted 10 minutes .5 ) The transfer of Pot seedingAfter seeding plants in pots is high enough , the plants were movedordinary pot into 4-6 cm diameter , which contains critical pieces / brick red , then give the fern / pine bark that has been soaked in the food baseup to 1 cm below the edge of the pot .Media Processing Plant Orchid FlowerGrowing media for plants orchids distinguished :a) plants in pots ( with a diameter of 7-30 cm depending on the type of plant ) .If the selected 25-30 cm diameter pot it needs to be mounted pole in the middlepot , then the pot is filled broken tiles .Orchids in place in the middle androots spread evenly in the pot , then the orchid stem tied to a pole .Pots filled with manure that has been mixed according to the composition of approximately2/3 of the pot .b ) Media planted in soil with cropping systems tanks .Bathtub made from red bricks length of 2 m wide and 40 cm tall tub 2 layersred brick . Making these tubs on the ground to avoidkebecekan , in dry soil excavated as deep as 10-20 cm and then given a brick size40 cm x 2 m and the distance between pembantas with another 3 cm . pole anchoringmade 4 pieces are inserted into the ground to a height of each1.5 m .Between one another pole associated with woodso the fourth pole is a complete circuit.Orchid Flower Planting TechniquePlanting orchid plants , adapted to the nature of live orchid plants ,namely :1 ) orchids are orchids that menupang Ephytis in trunk / another tree butnot damage / harm or ditempelin carrying . Tools usedis to stick to its roots , while the roots are functions to searchfoods are aerial roots .2 ) semi Ephytis Orchid is a type of orchid that attaches to the tree / plantother damage not attached , only root adhesion also serves asaerial roots is to find food to thrive .3 ) ground orchids / orchid terrestris .maintenance of Plant1 ) Spacing and StitchingThinning and replanting is done at a place that is tailored totypes of orchids , orchids that are epphytis or soil .2 ) WeedingFor orchid plants at the time of weeding on the conditions in the bottlethen separated into pots that have been provided according to the typeorchids .3 ) FertilizationMacro elements are elements that are needed in large quantities include : C , H ,O , N , S , P , K , Ca , Mg .For the micro elements are the elements needed insmall amounts , such as : Cu , Zn , Mo , Mn , V , Sc , B , Si , and so on . macro elementsand micro elements can be taken from the air or from the ground , in the form of gas or water andsalts dissolved in it .Fertilization in orchids is divided into 3 phases , namely :a) Fertilization for seeds ( seedlings ) with N , P , K.Comparison of N : P : K = 6:3:1 . N elements are needed toformation plant growth and development . N elements taken fromZA / urea , for P fertilizer use ES ; DS ; TS , and K of Potassium Sulfate( K2SO4 ) .Artificial fertilizers containing N , P , K :1 . Urea : 0.6 grams to 1 liter of water2 . ES : 0.3 grams to 1 liter of water3 . ZK : 0.1 grams to 1 liter of waterb ) Fertilization for medium-size ( mid-size ) with N , P , K.Comparison of N : P : K = 3:3:3 that many here do not require the sameadditional fertilizer , it can dususun own fertilizer containing N , P ,K by way of example :1 . Urea : 0.3 grams to 1 liter of water2 . DS : 0.3 grams to 1 liter of water3 . K2SO4 : 0.3 grams to 1 liter of waterc ) Fertilization to flowering size ( flowerings - size )Flowering plants that have been fertilized with a ratio of N : P : K = 1:6:1 .Techniques of artificial fertilizers are :a) In the form of solid / powder sprinkled done with caution ,Do not get caught on the leaves / stems that cause leaf / stemwas able to burn .b ) splashed , orchids which can absorb water and saltsdissolved in it . This way a lot done everywhere.c ) Spraying , is a very good way in case of root rottherein , then the roots are covered plastic .Manure that is often used is horse shit , cow , buffalo ,goats , chickens and others. Goodness discharging manure thancontains a variety of elements needed by plants alsovery helpful in water retention , especially in the dry season .The ugliness of this manure is in the dirt lot that batterycontaining mushrooms . For it is advisable to first disanganeliminate the fungus / bacteria in it . Fertilizing plants betterdone on time in the morning or in the afternoon around 5:00 pm . 4 ) Irrigation and WateringWater source for watering orchids can be derived from :a) Water Plumbing , either to flush as clear and sterile , but high pHhence need to be reduced by adding an acid such as HCl . PHfrom about 5.6 to 6 .b ) Water wells , well for watering because it contains a lot of mineralsland that is needed by plants . Water wells in the area should chalkpH note .c ) Rainwater , which is accommodated in tong-tong/bak very good formenyiraman .d ) times the water / sewer water , but we do not know for sure whether it contained mushrooms ,bacteria / algae that could interfere with orchids / no . When viewed from the point of contentsfood might be good enough .It should be noted for Farmers orchid is to know the properties of stuffingpot so I can adjust the amount of water to flush .As for the kinds of stuffingpots and properties described as berkut :a) Denomination tiles / brick fragments , which is easy to evaporate the water andnature orchids are not so happy with the water so it is not easy tolumutan . Broken tiles for smaller and more absorbencyto spray less.b ) Pieces of coconut coir , coconut fiber consumption is better to usein the heat because it saves water , but if the use in the areaunfavorable cold as easily rot .c ) Crunch fern roots are black , hard and not easy to absorb newwater , after a few months to absorb much water . Fern roots are brown andsoftware easier to absorb and hold water .d ) Pieces leather fern , where the media is extremely difficult for water absorption ,easy evaporation . If the pieces are large , small , and if the absorptionsmall pieces of more water absorption .For plants that are great guidelines for watering 3-7 days once the seasonrain and 1-3 days once the rainy season .5 ) Time Pesticide SprayingDrugs should be sprayed in the mornings , it's better in the afternoontoday about 5:00 . Spraying for healthy orchid plants , conducted routineapproximately 3 months. Spraying for pests of orchidsneed to be repeated 3 times with a certain time period ( for fleas )leaves once a week . The type of insecticides and doses used topests include:a) Orthene 75 SP dose gram/10 5-10 liters of water to leaf-eating caterpillarsb ) Bayrusil EC 250 dose of 2 cc / liter of water for leaf-eating caterpillarsc ) Malathion doses of 3 grams / liter of water for caterpillars , beetles , fleasd ) Kelthane dose of 2 grams / liter of water , for licee ) Metadeks dose soaked in water , mixed with bran cc/10 6-8 liters , for snails andwater snailf ) Falidol dose E.605 soaked in water , mixed with bran cc/10 6-8 liters , for snailsand water snailsFor pest control snails there are 2 ways , namely :a) Spread around potted orchids drugs by mixing between drugMetadeks into fine bran in a little water added .b ) Make a solution of 1 cc Dieldrin 50 % 25 EP mixed with 1 liter of water or 6-8cc Folediol E 605 into 10 liters of water . Then potted orchidssoaked in the solution for some time and repeated oneonce a week
Nurseries Orchid Flowers1 ) Requirements SeedsOrchid seeds are good , healthy and has some superior characteristics , namely : the formStrong stems , rapid growth , lush foliage , dense and beautiful flowers .2 ) Spreading SeedsOrchid seedlings from seeds planted . The orchid seed dispersalas follows :a) Equipment used for seed dispersal should be clean .b ) Sterilize seedsBefore the seed is spread should be sterilized first with 10 grams of chlorine dissolvedin 100 cc of water then filter paper filter , put in a bottle .seedincluded in the bottle and shaken 10 minutes . ( originally yellow orchid seedschange color to greenish brown ) . Then water discarded andreplaced with distilled water , shaken repeatedly ( 2-3 times ) .c ) Distribution of orchid seedsThe bottles that have been sterilized can be used for seed menyebaranorchids . Before opening the bottle, the bottle neck is heated above the lights spritusto eliminate germs . To include orchid seeds into the bottleused pipettes were cleaned first by heating above the lightsspritus until then dipped into the red spritus . Bottles that have beenopen orchid seed is then filled and leveled whole surface padfood that has been provided . Before we heat the bottle closed again inthe spritus then closed again .3 ) Seed Seeding Techniquea) Memeriksaan with a microscope , whether or not the orchid seeds , emptywhite and yellow are the contents of brown / other color .b ) Prepare a wide mouthed bottle clean and colorless socan forward the necessary sunlight and easily seen .c ) Close the bottle - roll of cotton rolled up hard , tied a rope to the endfacilitate stripped back , or the rest of the cut fabric pieces .densitybottle caps keep bacterial / fungal infection does not go soor contaminated .d ) Prepare a glass cabinet ( ent - cash ) are clean of bacteria / fungi withcloth that has been dipped in a cabinet air formalin sterilized cottondipiring poured formalin in order to evaporate sterilize glass ( ent - cash ) .e ) Making sterilsasi pedestal base to create a food and food orchidscommonly used prescription Khudson C ( Northen ) 12 , namely :1 . Ca ( NO3 ) 2H2O : 1.00 grams2 . KH2PO4 : 0.25 grams3 . MgSO47H2O : 0.25 grams4 . ( NH4 ) 2SO4 : 0.25 grams5 . Saccharose : 20 grams6 . FeSO4 4H2O : 0.25 grams7 .MnSO4 : 0.0075 grams8 . Agar-agar : 15 to 17.5 grams9 . Distilled water : 1000 ccMaking the necessary food base pH 5.2 , pH meter used / pH papertextiles / Indicator Paper .Sterilization by heating in the Autoclaf to 110 degrees Cfor half an hour or by steamer and then placed on the spotnet , on his side , so foods high 1/2-2/3 tall bottles( from the base up to the neck of the bottle ) and allowed to stand for 5-7 hours toknow the perfect sterilization .4) Change SeedsHaving plants in the 9-12 month old bottle looks great , growing roots .In this level can be transferred into the seed already seeding potsdiameter of 7 cm , 12 cm or 16 cm with holes .Prepare broken tiles , and brown fern roots , cut to the length5-30 mm so that the fibers apart from each other . before usewashed first and let the water disappear . Fern roots after washing ,pad soaked first in food for 24 hours in the form of :a) Urea or ZA : 0.50 mgb ) DS , TS or ES : 0.25 mgc ) Potassium sulfate or K2SO4 : 0.25 mgd ) Water : 1000 ccAnother alaternatif as a food base , can also be used a mix of artificial fertilizerselements N , P , K ratio of 60:30:10 or manure can also be usedwhich has been mixed with a fern frond ratio : 4:1 = manure .Moreover, it can be used pine bark in small pieces of bean seedsland , which has been soaked in foods such as fern roots base for 24hours . For stuffing pots can also be used firewood charcoal / coconut fibera dismembered thumb .Prepared pots filled with broken tiles third high pot / layah , then the contentsThe crushed ferns as high as 1 cm below the edge of the pot / layah ( no needcompacted ) .Transplanting into pots done by issuing plant in a bottleby incorporating water into the bottle . With net wire leadslike the letter U , the plant released one by one ( first root ) . afterexit 1 % chlorine plant then washed with clean water . Seedlings( seedlings ) were planted in pots with the meeting . If the bottle is already happening in thefungal contamination as first soaked in antibiotics ( penicillin ,streptomycin has passed expirydatenya ) newly planted 10 minutes .5 ) The transfer of Pot seedingAfter seeding plants in pots is high enough , the plants were movedordinary pot into 4-6 cm diameter , which contains critical pieces / brick red , then give the fern / pine bark that has been soaked in the food baseup to 1 cm below the edge of the pot .Media Processing Plant Orchid FlowerGrowing media for plants orchids distinguished :a) plants in pots ( with a diameter of 7-30 cm depending on the type of plant ) .If the selected 25-30 cm diameter pot it needs to be mounted pole in the middlepot , then the pot is filled broken tiles .Orchids in place in the middle androots spread evenly in the pot , then the orchid stem tied to a pole .Pots filled with manure that has been mixed according to the composition of approximately2/3 of the pot .b ) Media planted in soil with cropping systems tanks .Bathtub made from red bricks length of 2 m wide and 40 cm tall tub 2 layersred brick . Making these tubs on the ground to avoidkebecekan , in dry soil excavated as deep as 10-20 cm and then given a brick size40 cm x 2 m and the distance between pembantas with another 3 cm . pole anchoringmade 4 pieces are inserted into the ground to a height of each1.5 m .Between one another pole associated with woodso the fourth pole is a complete circuit.Orchid Flower Planting TechniquePlanting orchid plants , adapted to the nature of live orchid plants ,namely :1 ) orchids are orchids that menupang Ephytis in trunk / another tree butnot damage / harm or ditempelin carrying . Tools usedis to stick to its roots , while the roots are functions to searchfoods are aerial roots .2 ) semi Ephytis Orchid is a type of orchid that attaches to the tree / plantother damage not attached , only root adhesion also serves asaerial roots is to find food to thrive .3 ) ground orchids / orchid terrestris .maintenance of Plant1 ) Spacing and StitchingThinning and replanting is done at a place that is tailored totypes of orchids , orchids that are epphytis or soil .2 ) WeedingFor orchid plants at the time of weeding on the conditions in the bottlethen separated into pots that have been provided according to the typeorchids .3 ) FertilizationMacro elements are elements that are needed in large quantities include : C , H ,O , N , S , P , K , Ca , Mg .For the micro elements are the elements needed insmall amounts , such as : Cu , Zn , Mo , Mn , V , Sc , B , Si , and so on . macro elementsand micro elements can be taken from the air or from the ground , in the form of gas or water andsalts dissolved in it .Fertilization in orchids is divided into 3 phases , namely :a) Fertilization for seeds ( seedlings ) with N , P , K.Comparison of N : P : K = 6:3:1 . N elements are needed toformation plant growth and development . N elements taken fromZA / urea , for P fertilizer use ES ; DS ; TS , and K of Potassium Sulfate( K2SO4 ) .Artificial fertilizers containing N , P , K :1 . Urea : 0.6 grams to 1 liter of water2 . ES : 0.3 grams to 1 liter of water3 . ZK : 0.1 grams to 1 liter of waterb ) Fertilization for medium-size ( mid-size ) with N , P , K.Comparison of N : P : K = 3:3:3 that many here do not require the sameadditional fertilizer , it can dususun own fertilizer containing N , P ,K by way of example :1 . Urea : 0.3 grams to 1 liter of water2 . DS : 0.3 grams to 1 liter of water3 . K2SO4 : 0.3 grams to 1 liter of waterc ) Fertilization to flowering size ( flowerings - size )Flowering plants that have been fertilized with a ratio of N : P : K = 1:6:1 .Techniques of artificial fertilizers are :a) In the form of solid / powder sprinkled done with caution ,Do not get caught on the leaves / stems that cause leaf / stemwas able to burn .b ) splashed , orchids which can absorb water and saltsdissolved in it . This way a lot done everywhere.c ) Spraying , is a very good way in case of root rottherein , then the roots are covered plastic .Manure that is often used is horse shit , cow , buffalo ,goats , chickens and others. Goodness discharging manure thancontains a variety of elements needed by plants alsovery helpful in water retention , especially in the dry season .The ugliness of this manure is in the dirt lot that batterycontaining mushrooms . For it is advisable to first disanganeliminate the fungus / bacteria in it . Fertilizing plants betterdone on time in the morning or in the afternoon around 5:00 pm . 4 ) Irrigation and WateringWater source for watering orchids can be derived from :a) Water Plumbing , either to flush as clear and sterile , but high pHhence need to be reduced by adding an acid such as HCl . PHfrom about 5.6 to 6 .b ) Water wells , well for watering because it contains a lot of mineralsland that is needed by plants . Water wells in the area should chalkpH note .c ) Rainwater , which is accommodated in tong-tong/bak very good formenyiraman .d ) times the water / sewer water , but we do not know for sure whether it contained mushrooms ,bacteria / algae that could interfere with orchids / no . When viewed from the point of contentsfood might be good enough .It should be noted for Farmers orchid is to know the properties of stuffingpot so I can adjust the amount of water to flush .As for the kinds of stuffingpots and properties described as berkut :a) Denomination tiles / brick fragments , which is easy to evaporate the water andnature orchids are not so happy with the water so it is not easy tolumutan . Broken tiles for smaller and more absorbencyto spray less.b ) Pieces of coconut coir , coconut fiber consumption is better to usein the heat because it saves water , but if the use in the areaunfavorable cold as easily rot .c ) Crunch fern roots are black , hard and not easy to absorb newwater , after a few months to absorb much water . Fern roots are brown andsoftware easier to absorb and hold water .d ) Pieces leather fern , where the media is extremely difficult for water absorption ,easy evaporation . If the pieces are large , small , and if the absorptionsmall pieces of more water absorption .For plants that are great guidelines for watering 3-7 days once the seasonrain and 1-3 days once the rainy season .5 ) Time Pesticide SprayingDrugs should be sprayed in the mornings , it's better in the afternoontoday about 5:00 . Spraying for healthy orchid plants , conducted routineapproximately 3 months. Spraying for pests of orchidsneed to be repeated 3 times with a certain time period ( for fleas )leaves once a week . The type of insecticides and doses used topests include:a) Orthene 75 SP dose gram/10 5-10 liters of water to leaf-eating caterpillarsb ) Bayrusil EC 250 dose of 2 cc / liter of water for leaf-eating caterpillarsc ) Malathion doses of 3 grams / liter of water for caterpillars , beetles , fleasd ) Kelthane dose of 2 grams / liter of water , for licee ) Metadeks dose soaked in water , mixed with bran cc/10 6-8 liters , for snails andwater snailf ) Falidol dose E.605 soaked in water , mixed with bran cc/10 6-8 liters , for snailsand water snailsFor pest control snails there are 2 ways , namely :a) Spread around potted orchids drugs by mixing between drugMetadeks into fine bran in a little water added .b ) Make a solution of 1 cc Dieldrin 50 % 25 EP mixed with 1 liter of water or 6-8cc Folediol E 605 into 10 liters of water . Then potted orchidssoaked in the solution for some time and repeated oneonce a week
TUESDAY, 29 OCTOBER 2013
Cara Budidaya Anggrek
bunga anggrek
1) Persyaratan Bibit
Bibit anggrek yang baik, sehat dan unggul mempunyai beberapa ciri, yaitu: bentuk
batang kuat, pertumbuhan pesat, daun subur, bunga lebat dan indah.
2) Penyebaran Biji
Bibit anggrek berasal dari biji yang disemaikan. Adapun penyebaran biji anggrek
sebagai berikut:
a) Peralatan yang digunakan untuk penyebaran biji harus bersih.
b) Mensterilkan biji
Sebelum biji disebar harus disterilkan dulu dengan 10 gram kaporit dilarutkan
dalam 100 cc air kemudian saring kertas filter, dimasukkan ke dalam botol. Biji
dimasukan dalam botol dan digojog 10 menit. (biji anggrek yang semula kuning
kecoklatan berubah warna menjadi kehijauan). Kemudian air dibuang dan
diganti dengan aquades, digojog berulang kali (2–3 kali).
c) Penyebaran biji anggrek
Botol-botol yang telah disterilkan dapat digunakan untuk menyebaran biji
anggrek. Sebelum botol dibuka, leher botol dipanaskan di atas lampu spritus
untuk menghilangkan kuman. Untuk memasukan biji anggrek ke dalam botol
digunakan pipet yang dibersihkan dulu dengan cara pemanasan di atas lampu
spritus sampai merah kemudian dicelup kedalam spritus. Botol yang telah
terbuka kemudian diisi biji anggrek dan diratakan keseluruh permukaan alas
makanan yang telah disediakan. Sebelum botol ditutup kita panaskan lagi di
atas spritus kemudian ditutup kembali.
3) Teknik Penyemaian Benih
a) Memeriksaan dengan mikroskop, baik atau tidaknya biji anggrek, yang kosong
berwarna putih dan yang isi kuning coklat/warna lain.
b) Mempersiapkan botol yang bermulut lebar bersih dan tidak berwarna agar
dapat meneruskan cahaya matahari yang dibutuhkan dan mudah dilihat.
c) Tutup botol dari kapas digulung-gulung sampai keras, ujung diikat tali untuk
memudahkan dicopot kembali, atau kain sisa yang dipotong potong. Kerapatan
tutup botol menjaga agar bakteri/jamur tidak masuk sehingga tidak terinfeksi
atau terkontaminasi.
d) Mempersiapkan lemari kaca (ent-kas) yang bersih dari bakteri/jamur dengan
kain yang sudah dicelup formalin udara dalam lemari disterilkan dengan kapas
dipiring dituangi formalin supaya menguap mensterilkan kaca (ent-kas).
e) Pembuatan sterilsasi alas makanan dan untuk membuat alas makanan anggrek
biasanya dipakai resep Khudson C (NORTHEN) 12 yaitu:
1. Ca(NO3)2H2O : 1,00 gram
2. KH2PO4 : 0,25 gram
3. MgSO47H2O : 0,25 gram
4. (NH4)2SO4 : 0,25 gram
5. Saccharose : 20 gram
6. FeSO4 4H2O : 0,25 gram
7. MnSO4 : 0,0075 gram
8. Agar-agar : 15–17,5 gram
9. Aquadest : 1000 cc
Pembuatan alas makanan diperlukan pH 5,2, dipergunakan pH meter/kertas pH
tekstil/Indikator Paper.
Sterilisasi dengan cara dipanaskan dalam Autoclaf yang sampai 110 derajat C
selama setengah jam atau dengan dandang kemudian diletakan pada tempat
bersih, dengan posisi miring, sehingga makanan setinggi 1/2–2/3 tinggi botol
(dari alas sampai ke leher botol) dan didiamkan selama 5–7 jam untuk
mengetahui sterilisasi yang sempurna.
4) Pemindahan Bibit
Setelah tanaman di dalam botol berumur 9–12 bulan terlihat besar, tumbuh akar.
Dalam tingkat ini bibit sudah dapat dipindahkan kedalam pot penyemaian yang
berdiameter 7 cm, 12 cm atau 16 cm yang berlubang.
Siapkan pecahan genting, dan akar pakis warna coklat, di potong dengan panjang
5–30 mm sehingga serabutnya terlepas satu sama lainnya. Sebelum dipakai
terlebih dulu dicuci bersih dan biarkan airnya hilang. Akar pakis setelah dicuci,
direndam dulu dalam alas makanan selama 24 jam yang berupa:
a) Urea atau ZA : 0,50 mg
b) DS, TS atau ES : 0,25 mg
c) Kalium sulfat atau K2SO4 : 0,25 mg
d) Air : 1000 cc
Alaternatif lain sebagai alas makanan, dapat juga dipakai pupuk buatan campuran
unsur N, P, K perbandingan 60:30:10 atau dapat juga digunakan pupuk kandang
yang telah dicampur pakis dengan perbandingan pakis: pupuk kandang = 4:1.
Selain itu dapat digunakan kulit Pinus yang di potong kecil sebesar biji kacang
tanah, yang telah direndam dalam alas makanan seperti akar pakis selama 24
jam. Untuk isian pot ini dapat juga digunakan arang kayu bakar/serabut kelapa
yang dipotong-potong sebesar ibu jari.
Pot yang disiapkan diisi dengan pecahan genting 1/3 tinggi pot/layah, kemudian isi
remukan pakis tersebut setinggi 1 cm di bawah tepi pot/layah (tidak perlu
dipadatkan).
Pemindahan bibit ke dalam pot dilakukan dengan mengeluarkan tanaman di botol
dengan memasukkan air bersih ke dalam botol. Dengan kawat bersih berujung
seperti huruf U, tanaman dikeluarkan satu persatu (akar lebih dahulu). Setelah
keluar tanaman dicuci kaporit 1 % kemudian dengan air bersih. Seedlings
(semaian) ditanam dalam pot dengan rapat. Apabila di dalam botol sudah terjadi
kontaminasi jamur sebaik lebih dulu direndam di dalam antibiotic (penicillin,
streptomycin yang telah lewat expirydatenya) 10 menit baru ditanam.
5) Pemindahan dari Pot Penyemaian
Setelah tanaman pada pot penyemaian cukup tinggi, maka tanaman dipindahkan
ke pot biasa yang berdiamater 4–6 cm, yang berisi potongan genting/batu bata merah, kemudian beri pakis/kulit pinus yang telah direndam dalam alas makanan
sampai 1 cm di bawah tepi pot.
Pengolahan Media Tanam Bunga Anggrek
Media tanam untuk tanaman anggrek tanah dibedakan:
a) Tanaman dalam pot (dengan diameter 7-30 cm tergantung dari jenis tanaman).
Apabila diameter pot dipilih 25-30 cm maka perlu dipasang tiang di tengah-tengah
pot, kemudian pot diisi pecahan genting. Anggrek di letakkan di tengah dan
akarnya disebar merata dalam pot, kemudian batang anggrek diikat pada tiang.
Pot diisi pupuk kandang yang telah dicampur sesuai dengan komposisi kira-kira
2/3 dari pot.
b) Media tanam dalam tanah dengan sistim bak-bak tanam.
Bak terbuat dari batu bata merah panjang 2 m lebar 40 cm dan tinggi bak 2 lapis
batu bata merah. Pembuatan bak ini di atas tanah untuk menghindari dari
kebecekan, di tanah kering digali sedalam 10-20 cm kemudian diberi bata ukuran
40 cm x 2 m dan jarak antara pembantas dengan yang lain 3 cm. Tiang penahan
dibuat 4 buah yang ditancapkan ke dalam tanah dengan ketinggian masingmasing
1,5 m. Antara tiang satu dengan yang lain dihubungkan dengan kayu
sehingga keempat tiang tersebut merupakan suatu rangkaian.
Teknik Penanaman Bunga Anggrek
Penanaman tanaman anggrek, disesuaikan dengan sifat hidup tanaman anggrek,
yaitu:
1) Anggrek Ephytis adalah anggrek yang menupang pada batang/pohon lain tetapi
tidak merusak/merugikan yang ditumpangi atau ditempelin. Alat yang dipakai
untuk menempel adalah akarnya, sedangkan akar yang fungsinya untuk mencari
makanan adalah akar udara.
2) Anggrek semi Ephytis adalah jenis anggrek yang menempel pada pohon/tanaman
lain yang tidak merusak yang ditempel, hanya akar lekatnya juga berfungsi seperti
akar udara yaitu untuk mencari makanan untuk berkembang.
3) Anggrek tanah/anggrek Terrestris.
Pemeliharaan Tanaman
1) Penjarangan dan Penyulaman
Penjarangan dan penyulaman dilakukan pada tempat yang disesuaikan dengan
jenis anggrek, yang sifatnya epphytis atau anggrek tanah.
2) Penyiangan
Untuk tanaman anggrek pada penyiangan pada waktu pada kondisi di dalam botol
kemudian dipisahkan ke dalam pot-pot yang sudah disediakan sesuai jenis
anggrek.
3) Pemupukan
Unsur makro yaitu unsur yang diperlukan dalam jumlah besar yang meliputi: C, H,
O, N, S, P, K, Ca, Mg. Untuk unsur mikro yaitu unsur yang dibutuhkan dalam
jumlah yang sedikit, antara lain: Cu, Zn, Mo, Mn, V, Sc, B, Si, dst. Unsur makro
dan unsur mikro dapat diambil dari udara atau dari tanah, berupa gas atau air dan
garam-garam yang terlarut di dalamnya.
Pemupukan pada tanaman anggrek dibagi dalam 3 tahapan, yaitu:
a) Pemupukan untuk bibit (seedlings) dengan N, P, K.
Perbandingan N:P:K=6:3:1. Unsur N lebih banyak dibutuhkan untuk
pembentukan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Unsur N diambil dari
pupuk ZA/urea, untuk P dipakai pupuk ES; DS; TS, dan K dari Kalium Sulfat
(K2SO4).
Pupuk-pupuk buatan yang mengandung N, P, K:
1. Urea : 0,6 gram untuk 1 liter air
2. ES : 0,3 gram untuk 1 liter air
3. ZK : 0,1 gram untuk 1 liter air
b) Pemupukan untuk ukuran sedang (mid-size) dengan N, P, K.
Perbandingan N:P:K=3:3:3 yang sama banyak disini tidak memerlukan
tambahan pupuk, maka dapat dususun sendiri pupuk yang mengandung N, P,
K dengan cara misalnya :
1. Urea : 0,3 gram untuk 1 liter air
2. DS : 0,3 gram untuk 1 liter air
3. K2SO4 : 0,3 gram untuk 1 liter air
c) Pemupukan untuk ukuran berbunga (flowerings-size)
Tanaman yang sudah berbunga dipupuk dengan perbandingan N:P:K= 1:6:1.
Teknik pemberian pupuk buatan adalah:
a) Dalam bentuk padat/powder yang dilakukan dengan menaburkan secara hatihati,
jangan tersangkut pada daun/batangnya yang menyebabkan daun/batang
tadi dapat terbakar.
b) Disiramkan, yang mana anggrek dapat menyerap air dan garam-garam yang
terlarut di dalamnya. Cara ini banyak dilakukan dimana-mana.
c) Penyemprotan, cara ini sangat baik apabila terjadi pembusukan akar
didalamnya, maka akarnya ditutup plastik.
Pupuk kandang yang sering digunakan adalah kotoran kuda, sapi, kerbau,
kambing, ayam dan lain-lain. Kebaikan pemakaian pupuk kandang selain
mengandung bermacam-macam unsur yang dibutuhkan oleh tanaman juga
sangat membantu dalam penyimpanan air, apalagi pada musim kemarau.
Keburukan dari pupuk kandang ini adalah di dalam kotoran banyak bateri yang
mengandung jamur. Untuk itu dianjurkan disangan lebih dahulu untuk
menghilangkan jamur/bakteri di dalamnya. Pemupukan tanaman lebih baik
dilakukan pada waktu pagi-pagi atau pada sore hari sekitar pukul 5.00 sore. 4) Pengairan dan Penyiraman
Sumber air untuk penyiraman tanaman anggrek dapat berasal dari:
a) Air Ledeng, baik untuk menyiram karena jernih dan steril, tetapi pHnya tinggi
maka perlu diturunkan dengan menambah suatu asam misalnya HCl. PH yang
baik sekitar 5,6-6.
b) Air sumur, baik untuk menyiram karena banyak mengandung mineral dari
tanah yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh tanaman. Air sumur di daerah kapur harus
diperhatikan pHnya.
c) Air hujan, yang ditampung didalam tong-tong/bak sangat baik untuk
menyiraman.
d) Air kali/air selokan, tetapi kita tidak tahu pasti apakah air itu mengandung jamur,
bakteri/lumut yang bisa mengganggu anggrek/tidak. Kalau dilihat dari sudut isi
makanan mungkin cukup baik.
Hal perlu diperhatikan bagi Petani anggrek adalah mengetahui sifat-sifat dari isian
pot supaya bisa mengatur banyaknya air untuk menyiram. Adapun macam isian
pot dan sifat diuraikan sebagai berkut:
a) Pecahan genting/pecahan batu merah, yang mana mudah menguapkan air dan
sifat anggrek yang tidak begitu senang dengan air sehingga tidak mudah untuk
lumutan. Untuk pecahan genting lebih kecil daya serapnya lebih banyak dan
untuk siraman lebih sedikit.
b) Potongan sabut kelapa, pemakaian serabut kelapa lebih baik untuk digunakan
di daerah panas karena menyimpan air, tetapi kalau penggunaan di daerah
dingin tidak menguntungkan karena mudah busuk.
c) Remukan akar pakis yang hitam, keras dan baru tidak mudah untuk menyerap
air, setelah beberapa bulan banyak menyerap air. Akar pakis yang coklat dan
lunak lebih mudah menyerap dan menahan air.
d) Potongan kulit pakis, dimana media ini sukar sekali untuk penyerapan air,
mudah terjadi penguapan. Jika potongannya besar, penyerapan kecil dan jika
potongan kecil penyerapan air lebih banyak.
Bagi tanaman yang sudah besar pedoman penyiramannya 3-7 hari sekali musim
hujan dan 1-3 hari sekali pada musim hujan.
5) Waktu Penyemprotan Pestisida
Obat-obatan sebaiknya disemprotkan pada waktu pagi hari, lebih baik pada sore
hari sekitar jam 5.00. Penyemprotan bagi tanaman anggrek sehat, dilakukan rutin
kurang lebih 3 bulan sekali. Penyemprotan bagi tanaman anggrek terserang hama
perlu dilakukan berulang-ulang 3 kali dengan jangka waktu tertentu (untuk kutu)
daun seminggu sekali. Adapun jenis insektisida dan dosis yang digunakan untuk
hama antara lain:
a) Orthene 75 SP dosis 5-10 gram/10 liter air untuk ulat pemakan daun
b) Bayrusil 250 EC dosis 2 cc/liter air untuk ulat pemakan daun
c) Malathion dosis 3 gram/liter air untuk ulat, kumbang, kutu
d) Kelthane dosis 2 gram/liter air, untuk kutu
e) Metadeks dosis dibasahi air, dicampur dedak 6-8 cc/10 liter, untuk keong dan
bekicot air
f) Falidol E.605 dosis dibasahi air, dicampur dedak 6-8 cc/10 liter, untuk keong
dan bekicot air
Untuk hama bekicot ada 2 cara pengendaliannya yaitu:
a) Menyebarkan obat sekitar pot anggrek dengan mencampur antara obat
Metadeks ke dedak halus di tambah air sedikit.
b) Membuat larutan 1 cc Dieldrin 50% 25 EP dicampur dengan 1 liter air atau 6–8
cc Folediol E 605 kedalam air 10 liter. Kemudian pot tanaman anggrek
direndam dalam larutan tersebut selama beberapa waktu dan diulang satu
minggu sekali.
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